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On Wikipedia, vandalism is the act of editing the project in a malicious manner that is intentionally disruptive. Vandalism includes the addition, removal, or other modification of the text or other material that is either humorous, nonsensical, a hoax, or that is of an offensive, humiliating, or otherwise degrading nature. Throughout its history, Wikipedia has struggled to maintain a balance between allowing the freedom of open editing and protecting the truth and accuracy of its information when false information can be potentially damaging to its subjects.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wikipedia testing new method to curb false info )〕 Vandalism is easy to commit on Wikipedia because anyone can edit the site,〔 with the exception of articles that are currently semi-protected, which means that new and unregistered users cannot edit them.〔(See )〕 Vandalism can be committed by either guest editors or those with registered accounts; however, a semi-protected or protected page can only be edited by auto-confirmed or registered Wikipedia editors, or administrators, respectively.〔 Frequent targets of vandalism include articles on hot and controversial topics, famous celebrities and current events. In some cases, people have been falsely reported as having died. This has notably occurred to United States Senators Ted Kennedy and Robert Byrd (both of whom are now deceased), and American rapper Kanye West (who is ''not'' deceased). The challenge from vandalism in Wikipedia was once characterized by the former ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' editor-in-chief Robert McHenry: "The user who visits Wikipedia...is rather in the position of a visitor to a public restroom. It may be obviously dirty, so that he knows to exercise great care, or it may seem fairly clean, so that he may be lulled into a false sense of security. What he certainly does not know is who has used the facilities before him." ==Fighting vandalism== There are various measures taken by Wikipedia to prevent or reduce the amount of vandalism. These include: *Using Wikipedia's history functionality, which retains all prior versions of an article, to restore the article to the last version before the vandalism occurred; this is called ''reverting'' vandalism.〔 The majority of vandalism on Wikipedia is reverted quickly. There are various ways in which the vandalism gets detected so it can be reverted: * *Bots: In many cases, the vandalism is automatically detected and reverted by a bot. The vandal is always warned with no human intervention. * *Recent change patrol: Wikipedia has a special page that lists all the most recent changes. Some editors will monitor these changes for possible vandalism. * *Watchlists: Any registered user can watch a page that they have created or edited or that they otherwise have an interest in. This functionality also enables users to monitor a page for vandalism.〔 * *Incidental discovery: A reader who comes across the vandalism by chance can revert it.〔 This is currently unlikely to be the case, considering the reliability and speed of anti-vandal bots and recent changes patrollers. *Locking articles so only established users, or in some cases only administrators, can edit them.〔 ''Semi-protected'' articles are those that can only be edited by those with an account that is considered to be ''autoconfirmed'' – an account that is at least 4 days old with at least 10 edits, for most accounts. ''Fully protected articles'' are those that can only be edited by administrators. Protection is generally instituted after one or more editors makes a request on a special page for that purpose, and an administrator familiar with the protection guidelines chooses whether or not to fulfill this request based on the guidelines. *Blocking and banning those who have repeatedly committed acts of vandalism from editing for a period of time or in some cases, indefinitely.〔 Blocking is ''not'' considered to be a punitive action on Wikipedia. The purpose of the block is simply to prevent further damage. *The "abuse filter" extension, which uses regular expressions to detect common vandalism terms.〔Wikipedia:Abuse filter〕 Editors are generally warned prior to being blocked. Wikipedia employs a 4-stage warning process up to a block. This includes: :#The first warning assumes good faith and takes a relaxed approach on the user. :#The second warning does not assume any faith and is an actual warning (in some cases, this level can be skipped if the editor assumes the user is acting in bad faith〔Wikipedia:WikiProject user warnings/Usage and layout#Levels〕). :#The third warning assumes bad faith and is the first to warn the user that continued vandalism may result in a block. :#The fourth warning is a final warning, stating that any future acts of vandalism will result in a block. :#After this, other users may place additional warnings, though only administrators can actually carry out the block. In 2005, Wikipedia started to require those who create new articles to have a registered account in an effort to fight vandalism. This occurred after inaccurate information was added to Wikipedia in which a journalist was accused of taking part in Kennedy's assassination.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wikipedia tightens editorial rules after complaint – 06 December 2005 )〕 Wikipedia has experimented with systems in which edits to some articles, especially those of living people, are delayed until it can be reviewed and determined that they are not vandalism, and in some cases, that a source to verify accuracy is provided. This is in an effort to prevent inaccurate and potentially damaging information about living people from appearing on the site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vandalism on Wikipedia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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